What is the normal urine specific gravity range?

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Urine specific gravity shows how concentrated the urine is, reflecting hydration status and the kidney’s ability to concentrate or dilute urine. Since pure water has a gravity of 1.000, higher numbers indicate more solutes or less water in the urine.

In healthy adults with normal kidney function, the typical reference range is about 1.010 to 1.030. This captures the usual variability with fluid intake and concentrating ability. Values below this range suggest unusually dilute urine (overhydration, diuretics, or certain disorders), while values above this range suggest concentrated urine (dehydration, fever, reduced intake, or impaired dilution). Therefore, the range 1.010–1.030 best represents normal.

A single value like 1.020 is within that normal span but doesn’t define the full range, and ranges like 1.000–1.010 or 1.030–1.040 fall outside the typical normal window.